Picric Acid TNP

Picric acid, also known as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H3N3O7. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is highly explosive and can be used as a powerful explosive, as well as a reagent in analytical chemistry.

History of Picric Acid :

Picric acid was first synthesized in 1771 by French chemist Peter Joseph Pelletier. Its explosive properties were discovered in the mid-19th century, and it was used extensively as a military explosive during World War I. The compound was also used as a dye and in the production of photographic film.

Properties of Picric acid :

Picric acid is a weak acid with a pKa of 0.3, and is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. It is highly explosive when it is dry or in contact with strong acids, metals, or bases. Picric acid is also toxic, and exposure to it can cause skin irritation, eye damage, and liver damage.

3D structure of Picric acid

Here, red=O(oxygen), blue = N(Nitrogen), White = H (hydrogen), Ash = C(Carbon)

Picric acid’s Uses:

Picric acid is commonly used in analytical chemistry as a reagent for the determination of metals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. It can also be used as a stain for microscopy, and as a fixative for tissues. In the field of explosives, it is used as a high explosive and as a booster charge for other explosives.

Safety precautions:

Due to its explosive and toxic nature, picric acid should be handled with extreme caution. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from any strong acids, bases, or metals. When handling picric acid, it is important to wear protective clothing, including gloves and eye protection.

In conclusion, picric acid is a highly explosive and toxic compound that has been used in a variety of applications, including as a military explosive, a dye, and a reagent in analytical chemistry. Due to its hazards, it should be handled with extreme care and only by trained professionals with proper protective equipment.